Main Symptoms of Astigmatism:

Blurred or distorted vision at all distances
Eye strain or discomfort
Headaches, especially after visual tasks
Difficulty seeing clearly at night
Squinting to improve focus
Diplopia (seeing multiple images)
Eye discomfort or fatigue

Causes of Astigmatism:
Irregular Corneal Shape: The most common cause; the cornea has an uneven, oval shape rather than a symmetrical spherical shape.
Lens Shape: Less commonly, the lens inside the eye may be irregularly shaped.
Genetics: Often hereditary; tends to run in families.
Eye Injury or Surgery: Can alter corneal shape.
Certain Eye Diseases: Conditions like keratoconus (progressive thinning of the cornea) can cause or worsen astigmatism.

How to diagnose Astigmatism:
Comprehensive Eye Exam: Conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Refraction Tests: Using a phoropter to determine the correct lens prescription.
Keratometry: Measures the curvature of the cornea.
Corneal Topography: Maps the surface curvature of the cornea in detail.
Visual acuity tests: To assess the clarity of vision at various distances.
Treatment Options for Astigmatism:

Correction of astigmatism:
Eyeglasses: Special cylindrical lenses to compensate for irregular curvature.
Contact Lenses: Toric lenses are designed specifically for astigmatism.
Refractive Surgery:
LASIK or PRK: Laser procedures that reshape the cornea to correct irregularities.
Orthokeratology: Specially designed rigid contact lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea.
Management of Underlying Conditions: Treating associated eye conditions if present.

What are the main symptoms and causes of astigmatism, and how can it be effectively diagnosed and treated?
Regards, PTS Terbaik