Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, which impresses the eyes, in particular the retina (light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye). It's happening, When high blood sugar causes damage to the blood vessels of the retina, that leads to vision problems and, In the absence of treatment, potential blindness.
Types of diabetic retinopathy
Non -banging diabetic retinopathy (NPDR):
This early stage is characterized by the presence of microaurism (small protrusions in blood vessels), hemorrhage and retinal edema.
Symptoms may be invisible at this stage.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DA):
This progressive stage occurs, When new blood vessels begin to grow on the retina and/or in the vitreous body (space between lens and retina).
These new vessels can bleed and cause serious vision problems.
Symptoms
In the early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not have any symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Blurry or indistinct image
- Difficulty distinguishing colors
- Distortion of objects
Risk factors
Some factors may increase the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, in particular:
- Diabetes duration (The longer a person is ill with diabetes, the higher risk of diabetic retinopathy)
- Bad control of blood sugar
- Hypertension
- High cholesterol
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Ethnic origin (Some groups are at high risk)
Diagnosis
You can diagnose diabetic retinopathy with a comprehensive eye examination, which includes such steps:
- Checking visual acuity
- Огляд очного дна у стані циклоплегії — обстеження ока, In which drops are used to extend the pupil, that allows the doctor to examine the retina and the optic nerve
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) To obtain detailed retinal images
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition:
- Monitoring: If the disease is at an early stage and does not cause significant vision problems, May be recommended regular observation.
- Laser treatment: This technique, Known as photocoagulation, can help close blood vessels, flowing, or reduce the growth of new blood vessels.
- Injections: drugs against VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor) can help reduce retinal edema and suppress the growth of new blood vessels.
- Vitrectomy: In advanced cases with bleeding in the vitreous cavity may be required surgery to restore vision.
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Regular examinations by an ophthalmologist
- Maintaining optimal blood sugar levels through diet, exercise and medication.
- Blood pressure and cholesterol control.
- Quit smoking.
Diabetic retinopathy is a serious disease, but with early detection and proper treatment, the risk of vision loss can be greatly reduced. Regular monitoring and proactive approach to the treatment of diabetes are critical.