23.03.2024 World Opture Day
Optometry - a narrow section of ophthalmology, присвячений корекції зору за допомогою контактних або окулярних лінз та дослідження очей і пов’язаних структур на наявність дефектів або аномалій.
Term "optometry" derives from Greek words ὄις (option; "view") и метрон (subway; "something, used to measure", "measurement", "line"). The word entered the language, When the visual measurement device was called an optometer (before, As the terms of foropter or refractor began to use). The root of the word opto is a shortened form, which comes from the Greek word ophhalmos, What does the “eye” mean.
Optometry World Council, World Health Organization and near 75 Optometry organizations with above 40 the countries have accepted this definition, which will be used to describe optometry and optometrist.
Optometry is an autonomous, educational and adjustable (licensed/registered) Medical profession, And optometrists are primary care doctors, who provide comprehensive eyes and vision care, that includes refraction and dosage, Detection/diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and rehabilitation of the visual system.
When the first glasses appeared?
The history of optometry can be traced from early research of optics and research of image formation. Optics origins (optics, As taught at the basic physics course) reaching for several thousand years, Since the evidence of the existence of lenses in ancient times were found in the territory of modern Greece and the Netherlands.
When the first glasses were made, unknown. British scientist and historian Sir Joseph Nidham in his book "Science and Civilization in China" reported, that the most ancient references of glasses are contained in the Statute of the Venetian Guild near 1300 with. He assumed, that random statements about, that glasses were invented in China, could be coming from the article of the German-American anthropologist Bertold Laufer. According to Nidham, Laufer's document had a lot of inconsistencies, And the reference in the document, Used by laufer, were not in original copies, And added during the Ming Dynasty. Early Chinese sources mention, that glasses were imported.
Research, David a. Goss in the United States, show, What are they, perhaps, occurred at the end 13 Century in Italy, As stated in the manuscript 1305 with, where the monk from Pisa named Rivalto declared: “Not yet 20 years, How was the art of making glasses open ”. Glasses began to make in Italy, Germany and the Netherlands with 1300 with. Nidham claimed, that glasses were first made shortly after 1286 with.
In 1907 році Лауфер висловив у своїй «Історії окулярів» «думку про те, that glasses occurred in India, is the most likely and that glasses had to be known in India before, than in Europe ”. However, As mentioned, Joseph Nidham showed, that links, which Laufer referred to, не було в старіших версіях документа, which Lauer used, leaving his statement unfounded.
Benito Das de Waldez has published the first full book about optics in 1623 year, where he mentioned the use and fitting of glasses. In 1692 William Molineux wrote a book about optics and lenses, where he presented his ideas about myopia and problems, related to close vision. Claudius Ptolemy Scientists and Johann Kepler also contributed to creating optometry. Kepler opened, As the retina creates vision. WITH 1773 to approximately 1829 the year Thomas Young discovered astigmatism, And it was George Bowdel Eir who developed glasses to solve this problem, which included spherical-cylindrical lens.
Although the term "optometer" appeared in the book of the Scottish doctor William Porterfield "A treatise on the eye: method and phenomena of vision" 1759 with, лише на початку двадцятого століття в Сполучених Штатах і Австралії термін «оптометрія» почали використовувати для визначення характеристики професії. However, at the beginning of the twenty -first century, it became internationally accepted and denoted the difference between optics, that sell optical goods and optometrists, who explore and adjust vision anomalies.