Myopia – this is a deficiency of the refractive power of the eye, as a result of which, the focus lies in front of the retina. Myopia is also called another medical term – myopia. With myopia, the details of distant objects are seen worse, than closer ones.
Currently, myopia is widespread in all developed countries of the world. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to guess about the existence of myopia in the 4th century BC. He remarked, that some people can hardly distinguish distant objects and, to see better, squinting eyes. Aristotle named this phenomenon “myopia”, which means in Greek “squint”.
Modern ophthalmologists remember this, therefore, they prefer to use the term instead of myopia “myopia”.
Reasons for the development of myopia
To the causes of the development of myopia (myopia) are related:
- heredity
- primary weakness of accommodation, weakening of the sclera
- excessive strain on the eyes: reading in moving traffic or in the dark
- birth injuries and brain injuries
- weakening or overstrain of the eye muscles
Even minimal deformation of the cornea causes a violation of its sphericity.
Therefore, with the progression of myopia and pathological changes, with which it is accompanied, a decrease in visual acuity is also noted.
Prevention of myopia
The most important thing – detect vision problems in time. From early childhood, it is necessary to undergo an annual examination by an ophthalmologist, and when myopia is detected, it is necessary to start its treatment immediately. It is also very important to follow the rules of visual hygiene, alternate work with rest, perform special exercises for training eye muscles, carry out strengthening procedures.
In many countries of the world, myopia is considered a widespread problem. Compliance with the rules of visual hygiene consists in creating the right conditions for classes, which consist in good lighting, working with a computer/tablet/phone at a distance no less 30 cm.
It is also necessary to carry out general rehabilitation of the body: treatment of chronic diseases, increase in motor activity.
What is the danger of myopia
Due to the constant strain on the eyes, severe headaches occur in a myopic person, she gets tired quickly. The most serious consequence of myopia – retinal detachment. At the same time, vision begins to decline sharply, and even complete blindness may occur.
Since a short-sighted person cannot see distant objects well, she has impaired twilight vision: in the evening, it is difficult for myopic people to navigate the streets and drive a car.
Treatment of myopia
Treatment of myopia is aimed at stopping the pathological process, prevention and treatment of complications, correction of refraction.
You can say, that there are three main ways to correct myopia:
- glasses
- contact lenses
- laser operations
Glasses and contact lenses, Of course, will not get rid of the disease, but they will help a person to see better and slow down the process of vision deterioration. Glasses and lenses are selected for maximum correction.
Laser operations allow you to change the optical power of the eye, so that a person can see without glasses and without contact lenses. Diopter range, that are adjusted, depends on the anatomical structure of the eye. It is worth remembering, that at the same time the person remains genetically short-sighted.
